Government work: types, regime, features

The institution of state activity is an integral part of the legal system formed in the state, and civil servants are the main executors of the socio-economic and democratic transformations implemented in society. The article will discuss the categories of public service, its types and the mode of public work.

General Provisions

No state-organized society can do without management from the government in the face of its specific structures. It's about government employees. As a state apparatus, first of all, one should consider people who professionally carry out a list of public works, which are usually associated with management. Any country needs their services, regardless of the political system and state structure, the ruling regime or the form of government. It is worth noting that it is civil servants who ensure the implementation of practical tasks that civilized societies usually place on the shoulders of their governments. The experience of a large number of countries proves that a society that has not properly organized the work of state workers experiences rather serious difficulties in terms of the quality of management.

The problem of modernization of management

The problem of modernizing state work in Russia can be considered one of the priorities, given the essential role played by the government in society in the country, as well as the specific features of the Russian bureaucracy. It should be noted that it is for this reason that public administration reform should be considered as the most important resource for the modernization of this system. The key direction of reforming the sphere and at the same time an indispensable tool that allows to consolidate the most effective management mechanisms and legal forms is considered to be the development of adequate legislation.

The state, which acts as a special organization of the social political power of the dominant link (a social group, a bloc of class forces of the people as a whole), is endowed with its tasks and functions. In practical terms, they are implemented through specific operations of personnel who perform public work. The state, one way or another, becomes real in the presence of precisely these cadres who are in the contingent of its employees. The functions and tasks of national importance, if practiced, are transformed into the functions and tasks of managers. The quality of performance of state work depends on them.

Service concept

The formation of any statehood, one way or another, is accompanied by the formation of the institution of public administration. The value of this process today is extremely great due to the importance of the functionality that the relevant services implement to solve both the problems of international cooperation and domestic political issues. A special characteristic of the institution of state work is that its units function in all areas of government activity that exist today, as well as at all levels of government. That is why the concept and fundamental principles of such a service is the most important aspect of not only the theoretical base, but also the law-making carried out in practice.

The main purpose of state work is to ensure extremely effective implementation of the country's functionality in all areas and its presence in society. It is worth considering that the Russian Federation has a significant relationship to the regulation of such a service. We are talking about a large number of legal acts, the key of which is the Federal Law "On Public Service". The specified act contains, including reference standards for more than twenty other documents.

Service as a social institution

Being the most important social institution, state and municipal works are objectively necessary criteria for the effective functioning of other social and political institutions, economic and social activities. As a social institution, public service appeared and developed in close interconnection with the development process of society itself. That is why today it is organized in such a way as to maximize the contribution to maintaining the integrity of the system and the unity of society in the performance of tasks that are considered socially significant.

Types of government work

Traditional practice is the classification of such a service into two types. The first of these is civic work. It should be noted that it is special or general-purpose. The latter has no industry division. It represents the performance of professional duties by entities in the framework of government or other governance structures. In turn, the special service is distinguished by its extremely pronounced appointment in a particular industry, for example, service in the judiciary, the prosecutor's office, the diplomatic plan, and so on.

The second type of government work is militarized activity. It involves the implementation of competencies of specific importance in the Ministry of Emergencies, the police, the armed forces of the country, customs authorities and other areas.

How to build an effective service?

The most important condition for organizing effective public work is the implementation of certain construction principles, in accordance with which it is formed, and subsequently functions. It should be noted that the historical principles of such activities are important regulatory legal provisions that fully reflect the laws and relationships of its organization, as well as the main evolutionary trends of the institution presented. Almost all principles of work in the public sphere are enshrined in certain legal acts regulating its implementation. The sources of the theoretical plan usually give different reasons according to which the classification of principles of service is carried out.

Business principles

It is advisable to consider the principles of work in the public service, enshrined in the legislation of the Russian Federation:

• The rule of law. This provision assumes that all laws existing in the Russian Federation dominate, according to their legal force, various kinds of administrative acts and departmental instructions.
• The principle of priority of individual rights. In this case, a requirement is put forward that all public servants in their own activities should be guided primarily by the interests of citizens, as well as fully respect the basic human rights recognized in the country as dominant over state interests.
• Principles that ensure the systemic integrity and unity of the institution of power throughout the country. This principle objectively follows from the federal form of the territorial-state structure of the Russian Federation.
• The principle of classification of branches of power. It positions the legal status of the state, and also implies self-limitation of management and balancing of one direction by another through a clear distribution of relevant powers between them.
• The principle of equal access for people to professional vacancies in public service bodies and institutions.
• Principles that provide a hierarchical system of organ formation. Here decisions of higher structures are considered binding by lower bodies.

We have considered far from all the principles of the civil service in Moscow and on the territory of the Russian Federation as a whole, but only the main ones. It should be noted that all the provisions presented are interconnected into a single system that contributes to the development of a high-quality state personnel policy.

Classification

The state service of the Russian Federation today is endowed with a multifaceted structure, which is determined by:

• Federal constitutional structure of the state.
• Functional-specific characteristics of state personnel work.

According to the principle of federalism, which is implemented in legal practice and Russian law, the structure of the civil service of the Russian Federation includes two levels:

• Federal, which is in accordance with paragraph "T" of Article 71 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation exclusively in the jurisdiction of the country.
• The public service of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which is jointly administered by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and the Russian Federation in accordance with paragraph “K” of Article 72 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

Currently, the following types of civil service are distinguished:

• Federal.
• Civil.
• Law enforcement.
• Military

Federal and civil service

The federal public service is a professional work of citizens related to the full implementation of the powers of the Russian Federation, as well as the powers of federal state bodies and bodies that replace the state posts of the Russian Federation.

It is advisable to consider the state civil service as a kind of service, which is the work of citizens, carried out on a professional level, in positions related to ensuring the exercise of the powers of federal bodies, bodies of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as persons who fill the posts of the Russian Federation, and people who fill the posts subjects of the Russian Federation.

An analysis of the Federal Law “On the State Civil Service of the Russian Federation” confirms that the bulk of regulatory powers are currently assigned to both the Russian Federation and the subjects of the Russian Federation. Nevertheless, the indicated law does not quite clearly trace the reasons for attributing certain issues of the civil service to the powers of the Russian Federation, as well as the powers of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. As a civil service, it is necessary to consider the socio-legal institution of a specific plan, which is implemented in the hardware activities of employees of state structures. Without this work, not only adequate functioning is impossible, but also the existence of the state as a whole. Effective civic activity is the main factor in the strength of power, its high dynamism and credibility. It is designed to cope with a whole range of tasks:

• Ensuring the unity of imperatives (in other words, requirements) of the application of law in work on documentation and the legislative process.
• Professional support in creating a legal framework for the implementation of tasks and goals of national importance.
• Creation of legally and politically favorable conditions for each person to exercise their own social and constitutional rights, interests and freedoms.

Military and law enforcement

So, we examined the category of state work, its regime and the main varieties. Among the specific types, it is important to highlight the military and law enforcement services. As the first, federal activity should be considered, which is the professional work of certain persons in military posts or in other cases, which are provided for by regulatory acts of the President of the Russian Federation and (or) federal laws, in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, special bodies and military units type, implementing functions related to the security and defense of the state. In any case, such citizens are assigned the appropriate ranks.

Law enforcement is nothing more than a kind of federal civil service, which is the professional work of certain individuals in law enforcement positions in institutions and bodies that perform functions related to ensuring security, law and order and the rule of law, combating crime, protecting freedoms and rights of citizens and person. In any case, such persons receive cool ranks and special ranks.

A few words in conclusion

It is worth noting that the state bodies that are called upon to engage in law enforcement work have a special competence and special functions. We are talking about the application of legal measures of influence in absolute accordance with the law in force on the territory of the Russian Federation and strict observance of the procedure, procedures and rules established by law. The civil service in law enforcement agencies is carried out in the respective positions established in the judicial apparatus of the Russian Federation (judicial service), prosecution authorities (prosecutorial), internal affairs bodies (police service), tax police (tax police), customs authorities (customs service), and so on. Further.